Objectification Harms
Male Attitudes
American Psychological Assoc.: Men who objectify women more likely to sexual abuse
Violence & Victims: Objectification linked to severe intimate partner violence
Int Education Sciences: Men who view objectifying images less likely to see rape as rape
The Lancet : Dominance & power – key drivers of sexual harassment
The Man Box: Men with macho attitudes 6 times more likely to harass women
UN: Male entitlement most common motivator for rape
The Lancet: 75% rapists state sexual entitlement a prime motivator for rape
UN: Gender stereotypes drive power relations and inequality
Psychology Today:Brain scans suggest sexualised women might be viewed as objects, not humans
Psychology of Women: Objectification is a form of insidious trauma
The Counselling Psychologist : The harms of sexual objectification
Clinical Psychologist: Sexual Objectification and eating disorders
Girl Guiding Association : Girls from age 7 deeply affected by gender stereotypes
Public & Expert Opinion
Girl Guiding Association: ‘Stop objectifying women’
The Man Box: 50% of men say society promotes hyper macho messages
Solutions
What Works: Positive personal relationships to end violence vs women
BBC ‘No More Boys & Girls’: Eliminating stereotypes improves boys’ attitudes
Consultations
ASA: Our Recommendations
ASA: Decisions on Sex Ads in Newspapers
ASA: Guide to Parents – Analysed
TfL: Advertising Codes [2016]
TfL: Our Recommendations [2018]
TfL: Guide to Newspapers – Analysed
Children’s Society: Ads & Kids
Met Police: Stop Sex Ads
Press Trade Body: Stop Sex Ads
EHRC: Our Recommendations